Table of Contents
Ever seen blood in your cat’s pee? It’s scary, but knowing when to worry is key. Hematuria, or blood in urine, is a common issue in cats. It needs quick vet care. Let’s look into what causes it and when it’s urgent.
Blood in cat pee is never normal and should not be ignored. It might signal many health issues, like infections or even cancer. Knowing the causes and signs can help you act fast to help your cat.
Understanding Hematuria in Cats: What You Need to Know
As a cat owner, knowing what normal cat urine looks like is key. Healthy cat urine is light yellow and smells slightly of ammonia. But, if you see blood, it can be pink, red, or even brown.
Normal Cat Urine Appearance vs. Bloody Urine
Bright red blood in cat urine can mean many things, like infections or stress. Seeing blood in your cat’s urine is a big warning sign. It means they might have a serious health issue that needs vet care fast.
When Blood in Urine Is an Emergency
If your male cat is always in the litter box, straining, or licking their penis, they might have a blockage. This is a big emergency. Your vet needs to see them right away to avoid serious problems.
Common Signs and Symptoms
Cats with hematuria might also vomit, eat less, drink more water, or seem really tired. Watching your cat’s behavior is important. If you see any of these signs, get them to the vet.
Knowing what normal cat urine looks like and spotting signs of hematuria can help you catch health problems early. This way, your cat can get the care they need to stay healthy.
Identifying Bloody Cat Pee: Visual Signs and Changes
If your cat is leaving spots of pink, red, or brown-tinged urine, pay close attention. Blood in cat urine, or feline hematuria, is a concerning symptom. It needs a closer look.
The color of cat urine changes can tell you a lot. Bloody urine can range from light pink to deep red. It might also be foamy or cloudy, with visible blood clots.
- Pink or light red urine could indicate a small amount of blood.
- Darker red or even brown-tinged urine likely signifies a larger volume of blood.
- Foamy or bubbly urine may be a sign of protein in the urine.
- Blood clots in the urine can point to active bleeding in the urinary tract.
You might also see your cat straining to pee, licking their genital area a lot, or peeing outside the litter box. These signs can mean something’s wrong with your cat’s urinary health.
If you see any visual signs or changes in your cat’s urine, call your vet right away. Quick diagnosis and treatment can help fix the problem and prevent worse issues.
Common Causes of Blood in Cat Urine
If your cat is peeing blood, it’s crucial to understand the potential causes. Several reasons can explain why your feline friend may be experiencing this symptom. These include medical conditions, environmental factors, and stress-related issues.
Medical Conditions
Feline lower urinary tract disease (FLUTD) is a common cause of bloody cat pee. It includes urinary tract infections, bladder stones, and bladder cancer. Changing a cat’s food can help, but it’s also a common cause of relapse.
Urinary tract infections, especially in older females, can also cause bloody urine. Conditions that affect blood clotting can lead to spontaneous bleeding and hematuria.
Environmental Factors
Stress can trigger urinary problems in cats. Feline Idiopathic Cystitis (FIC) is a stress-related condition that can cause urinary tract bleeding. Changes in the home environment can contribute to stress-induced urinary issues.
Stress-Related Issues
Cats can be sensitive to their surroundings, and stress can manifest in various ways. Feline Idiopathic Cystitis (FIC) can result in bloody urine due to bladder inflammation. Identifying and addressing the source of stress is crucial in managing this condition.
| Condition | Prevalence | Symptoms | Treatment |
|---|---|---|---|
| Feline Lower Urinary Tract Disease (FLUTD) | Most common cause of bloody cat pee | Difficulty urinating, straining, decreased urine output | Veterinary diets, medication, environmental enrichment |
| Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) | More common in older female cats | Bloody urine, increased urination, pain | Antibiotics, increased hydration |
| Feline Idiopathic Cystitis (FIC) | Stress-related condition | Bloody urine, pain, increased urination | Stress reduction, dietary changes, medication |
If your cat is showing signs of blood in their urine, seek veterinary attention promptly. Your vet can run tests to find the cause and create a treatment plan. This will help restore your cat’s urinary health.
Feline Lower Urinary Tract Disease (FLUTD)
Feline Lower Urinary Tract Disease, or FLUTD, is a common issue in cats. It’s also known as Feline Idiopathic Cystitis (FIC) or Feline Urologic Syndrome (FUS). This condition causes inflammation in the bladder lining, often due to stress. Obesity and diet can also play a role in FLUTD.
Cats that are middle-aged, overweight, and don’t get much exercise are more likely to get FLUTD. Changes in their routine, like moving or living with other cats, can also raise their risk. Signs include straining, small amounts of urine, crying while urinating, and blood in the urine.
Feline Idiopathic Cystitis (FIC) is a big cause of FLUTD in cats under 10. Chronic anxiety is a big factor. Making changes to their environment and reducing stress is key to managing FIC and preventing it from coming back.
For cats with FLUTD, quick action and the right vet care are crucial. This helps avoid serious problems like bladder atony and kidney damage. Changing their diet and reducing stress are important steps to help prevent FLUTD from coming back.
“Providing a conducive environment with proper litter box management, clean water availability, and daily play opportunities supports good urinary health in cats.”
Urinary Tract Infections and Their Impact
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a big worry for cat owners. These infections can hit cats hard if not treated. They often strike older female cats. Knowing how to spot, treat, and prevent cat UTIs is key to keeping your cat healthy.
Bacterial Infections
The main cause of UTIs in cats is bacteria. Escherichia coli (E. coli) is the top offender. Older female cats are more at risk because of their body shape.
Treatment Options
- Antibiotics are the main treatment for cat UTIs. They come as injections, tablets, or liquid.
- Your vet will pick the right antibiotic based on a urine test. This test shows which bacteria is causing the problem and the best medicine.
- Your vet might also suggest pain meds, special diets, or more water to help your cat get better.
Prevention Methods
- Make sure your cat always has clean, fresh water to drink.
- Feed your cat a good, balanced diet to keep their health and urinary system in check.
- Take your cat to the vet regularly. This helps catch UTIs or other health issues early.
Understanding cat UTIs and taking steps to prevent them can keep your cat happy and healthy. It’s all about being proactive and caring for your cat’s well-being.
| Statistic | Value |
|---|---|
| Potential occurrence rates related to urinary issues in cats | Urinary tract infections (UTIs) in cats are fairly uncommon, with female cats more prone than males due to their anatomy. |
| Most common bacteria causing UTIs in cats | Escherichia coli (E. coli) is the most common organism causing UTIs in cats. |
| Demographic most affected by UTIs | Older female cats are more highly represented among cats with UTIs. |
Bladder and Kidney Stones in Cats
Cats can get two kinds of stones that cause blood in their urine. These are bladder stones (cystoliths) and kidney stones (nephroliths). These stones are more common in male cats and some breeds like Persian and Siamese.
Bladder stones are made of minerals like struvite or calcium oxalate. Kidney stones in cats are always calcium oxalate. Cats that don’t move much, don’t drink enough, and don’t pee often are more likely to get these stones.
Male cats are more at risk of blockages from bladder stones. Their urethra is narrower and can easily get blocked. X-rays and ultrasound can help find both kidney and bladder stones in cats.
| Type of Stone | Composition | Risk Factors |
|---|---|---|
| Bladder Stones (Cystoliths) | Struvite or Calcium Oxalate | Inactivity, Inadequate Fluid Intake, Reduced Urination |
| Kidney Stones (Nephroliths) | Calcium Oxalate | Inactivity, Inadequate Fluid Intake, Reduced Urination |
Treatment for bladder stones in cats might include surgery or a laser to break them up. To prevent stones, changing the diet and using medicine can help.
To stop cat bladder stones and feline kidney stones, keep your cat’s water fresh. Feed at least 50% wet food. Encourage exercise and keep the litter box clean to help your cat pee often.
Understanding Urethral Blockages
Urethral blockages are a serious issue for male cats. They happen when something blocks the urine flow through the urethra. This tube carries urine from the bladder out of the body. Male cats are more likely to get these blockages because their urethras are narrower.
Risk Factors
Several things can raise a cat’s risk of getting a urethral blockage. Being overweight, stressed, or eating certain foods can increase this risk. Stress, for example, can cause inflammation and spasms in the urethra, blocking urine flow.
Emergency Signs
If your cat has trouble urinating or only makes small amounts of urine, it’s a sign of a blockage. They might also cry in pain or excessively lick their genital area. Changes in urination, like blood, are also warning signs.
These blockages need immediate vet care to avoid serious problems like kidney failure or heart arrest. Quick action is key to save your cat’s life. Untreated, a cat can die within 24-48 hours.
The Role of Stress in Urinary Problems
Stress is a big factor in feline urinary problems, especially in Feline Idiopathic Cystitis (FIC). Changes in the environment, new pets, or changes in routine can cause stress-induced cystitis in cats. This leads to various urinary issues, including feline stress and urinary issues and cat anxiety and urination problems.
Stress can make a cat’s urine turn bloody. For example, moving to a new home, getting a new pet, or a house renovation can stress a cat out. Feline Lower Urinary Tract Disease is a stress-induced condition that can also cause bloody urine.
Bladder infections are a common reason for bloody cat urine, especially in female cats after diarrhea. The risk of urinary tract blockages due to crystals or bladder stones is also high. These blockages can be very dangerous for cats.
Vets often see cases of bladder infections, crystals, or stones when a cat’s urine is bloody. Stress is the main cause of urinary tract problems in cats, not bacterial infections. Male cats are more likely to have urinary tract issues than female cats.
To help cats with idiopathic cystitis, try behavioral enrichment, pheromonal therapy, dietary changes, and multiple litter boxes. Vets suggest having one more litter box than the number of cats to reduce stress-related urinary problems.
If not treated, male cats with urinary tract issues can face serious problems. They might develop life-threatening blockages due to crystal formation in the narrow urethra. So, it’s important to address feline stress and urinary issues quickly to keep your cat healthy.
Diagnostic Procedures and Tests
Diagnosing urinary issues in cats requires a detailed approach. This includes a thorough physical check, a detailed medical history, and various tests. These tests help find the cause of bloody cat pee and guide treatment.
Physical Examination
Your vet will start with a physical exam to check your cat’s health. They will look for any issues with the urinary tract. This might involve feeling the abdomen to check the bladder or kidneys.
Laboratory Testing
To find the cause of diagnosing cat urinary problems, your vet may suggest several feline urine tests. These include a urinalysis, urine culture, and bloodwork. These cat urinary diagnostics help spot infections, find crystals or stones, and check kidney function.
Imaging Studies
In some cases, imaging studies are needed. This might include abdominal X-rays or ultrasound. These tests help find stones, masses, or other issues that could be causing diagnosing cat urinary problems.
By using info from physical exams, lab tests, and imaging, your vet can understand your cat’s condition well. They can then decide the best treatment plan.
Treatment Options for Bloody Cat Pee
If your cat has bloody pee, it’s important to find out why fast. The cause could be infections, stones, or even cancer. Working with your vet is key to fixing the problem and making your cat healthy again.
Antibiotics are often used to treat infections in cats. Your vet might give your cat medicine to fight the infection. This helps with pain, swelling, and the bloody pee.
For cats with stones, changing their diet can help. Your vet might suggest a special cat urinary problem solutions food. This food helps keep your cat’s urine the right pH and mineral balance to prevent stones.
- Urethral blockages are serious and need quick feline urinary treatments. Your cat might need to stay in the hospital to get the blockage removed.
- They might also give your cat pain meds and ways to reduce stress. This helps with any discomfort or anxiety from the urinary problem.
Getting your cat’s bloody pee treated right means working with your vet. With the right plan, your cat can feel better and pee normally again.
| Condition | Treatment |
|---|---|
| Urinary Tract Infection | Antibiotics |
| Bladder/Kidney Stones | Dietary Changes, Dissolution |
| Urethral Blockage | Immediate Hospitalization, Removal |
| Feline Idiopathic Cystitis | Pain Medication, Stress Reduction |
“Prompt treatment of bloody cat urine is crucial, as it can indicate a serious underlying condition that requires veterinary attention.”
Dietary Management and Prevention
Proper diet is key to preventing and managing urinary issues in cats. Choosing the right foods and keeping your cat hydrated helps their urinary tract stay healthy.
Recommended Foods for Urinary Health
Special diets for urinary health can keep urine pH balanced and reduce crystal risk. These diets are low in minerals like magnesium and phosphorus, which can cause stones.
Canned food is good for cats with urinary problems because it’s more moist than dry kibble. Adding water to their food and providing multiple water sources also supports urinary health.
The Importance of Feline Hydration
Keeping your cat hydrated is vital to prevent urinary issues. Dehydration can make urine more concentrated, raising the risk of crystals and stones. Make sure your cat has access to fresh water and eat water-rich canned foods.
By focusing on your cat’s cat urinary diet and feline hydration, you can prevent urinary problems. This helps keep their urinary tract healthy.
“Proper dietary management and hydration are the cornerstones of maintaining a healthy urinary tract in cats.”
Environmental Modifications for Prevention
Improving your cat’s living space is key to avoiding stress-related urinary problems. Simple changes can lower the risk of feline idiopathic cystitis (FIC) and urinary tract infections.
First, make sure there are enough litter boxes. Each cat should have one, plus an extra. Keep these boxes clean and in quiet spots. Cats need a clean, private area for their bathroom needs.
- Provide vertical spaces like cat trees and perches for climbing and watching.
- Use scratching posts or pads for natural scratching, which can reduce stress.
- Give interactive toys and puzzles to keep your cat’s mind active and prevent boredom.
Keeping a regular daily routine and offering hiding spots can also help. These steps can reduce stress in cats, which often leads to urinary issues. By making your cat’s environment calm and engaging, you can prevent cat stress reduction and preventing cat urinary stress.
| Environmental Factor | Importance for Preventing Urinary Stress |
|---|---|
| Multiple Litter Boxes | Allows cats to have a clean, private space to eliminate, reducing stress and the risk of urinary problems. |
| Vertical Spaces | Provides cats with a way to observe their territory, fulfilling their natural instincts and reducing anxiety. |
| Scratching Posts | Gives cats an appropriate outlet for their scratching behavior, preventing stress and potential damage to household items. |
| Interactive Toys | Stimulates a cat’s mind and prevents boredom, which can contribute to stress and urinary issues. |
| Consistent Routine | Helps create a sense of security and stability for cats, reducing stress and the risk of urinary problems. |
| Hiding Spots | Allows cats to retreat and feel safe, which can alleviate stress and its associated urinary symptoms. |
By making these changes, you can greatly reduce stress and improve your cat’s life. This can prevent cat urinary stress and related problems.
When to Contact Your Veterinarian
As a cat parent, knowing when your cat needs vet help is key. Look out for signs like not being able to pee, straining without pee, and lots of pain. These are serious and need vet help fast.
Other signs that need vet attention include blood in pee, peeing a lot, and peeing outside the box. Any pee changes should be told to your vet. They might show a health issue.
Emergency Situations
- Inability to urinate
- Straining to urinate without producing urine
- Signs of severe pain
Non-Emergency Signs
- Blood in the urine
- Frequent urination
- Urinating outside the litter box
Any pee or behavior changes in your cat should be talked about with your vet. Even if it doesn’t seem urgent. Catching cat urinary emergencies and feline urinary symptoms early can keep your cat healthy.
Long-term Management Strategies
Keeping your cat’s urinary health in check for the long haul needs a solid plan. It’s all about the right diet, less stress, and regular vet visits. You must tackle any problems early to stop urinary tract infections (UTIs) and other feline urinary care issues from coming back.
First, make sure your cat drinks enough water. Offer many clean water spots and maybe a pet water fountain. Special diets can also help by changing the urine pH and cutting down on crystal formation.
- Think about adding urinary health supplements with cranberry extract, glucosamine, and chondroitin to help the bladder and urinary tract.
- Watch your cat’s litter box habits for any changes in urine volume, color, or how often they go.
- Quickly deal with any recurring problems, as they might show a bigger health issue that needs vet care.
Lowering stress is also key for managing cat urinary health over time. Make sure your cat’s space is calm and fun, with lots of play, scratching, and hiding spots. Try to keep their routine the same and use pheromone diffusers or supplements to help with anxiety.
| Tip | Benefit |
|---|---|
| Maintain Proper Hydration | Dilutes urine, reduces crystal formation, and supports urinary tract health |
| Use Prescription Diets | Helps manage pH, reduce stone risk, and support overall urinary function |
| Supplement with Urinary Health Products | Provides additional support for the bladder and urinary tract |
| Monitor Litter Box Habits | Early detection of any changes that may indicate a urinary issue |
| Reduce Stress | Minimizes the impact of environmental factors on urinary health |
By using these long-term strategies, you can keep your cat’s feline urinary care in top shape and lower the chance of urinary problems coming back. Always team up with your vet to create a plan that fits your cat’s special needs and keeps them healthy.
Special Considerations for Male Cats
Male cats face unique challenges with urinary problems. Their narrower urethra makes them more likely to get urethral blockages. This is a serious issue known as feline urethral obstruction. It’s a life-threatening emergency because it stops them from urinating.
Male cats with male cat urinary problems and tomcat urinary issues often show signs like straining or not being able to urinate. Neutering can lower the risk of some urinary issues. But, they still need careful monitoring and care to keep their urinary system healthy.
To prevent feline urethral obstruction in male cats, owners should focus on a healthy diet and environment. This includes:
- Feeding a diet formulated to support urinary tract health
- Ensuring ample access to fresh, clean water to encourage increased water intake
- Providing multiple litter boxes and keeping the litter clean
- Minimizing stress factors in the cat’s environment
Regular vet visits are key for male cats. They help catch and treat urinary problems early. By being proactive and attentive, owners can lower the risk of serious urinary emergencies.
| Statistic | Value |
|---|---|
| Cats affected by FLUTD | 1-3% |
| Cats with Feline Idiopathic Cystitis | 50% |
| Recurrence rate for obstruction cases | Relatively high, some within a day |
| Cats affected by urinary obstructions | 1 to 10 years of age |
| Time to death with complete obstruction | 3-6 days if untreated |
“Feline Lower Urinary Tract Disease (FLUTD) affects between 1-3% of cats, with the condition being more serious in male cats due to their urethra being more prone to blockages.”
Conclusion
Dealing with bloody cat pee is a serious issue that needs quick vet care. Knowing the causes, symptoms, and prevention steps helps keep your cat healthy. Regular vet visits, a good diet, less stress, and fun activities are key.
Watching for changes in your cat’s pee and getting vet help early is vital. Remember, keeping your cat’s urinary health in check is a long-term effort. But with the right steps, you can prevent your cat from suffering.
We hope this article has given you a clear view of cat urinary health. It’s important to prevent urinary issues and address bloody pee quickly. With this knowledge, you can better care for your cat’s health and happiness.
faq
What are the potential causes of blood in a cat’s urine?
There are several possible causes for hematuria (blood in the urine) in cats, including:
– Urinary tract infections
– Bladder inflammation or stones
– Kidney disease or kidney stones
– Tumors or cancer of the urinary tract
– Trauma to the urinary system
Determining the underlying cause requires a veterinary examination and testing.
What are the common symptoms of bloody cat urine?
Along with seeing blood in the urine, other symptoms may include:
– Straining or discomfort when urinating
– Increased frequency of urination
– Excessive licking of the genital area
– Changes in urine volume or color
– Loss of appetite or vomiting
If your cat is exhibiting any of these signs, it’s important to get them checked by a vet
When is bloody cat urine considered a medical emergency?
Any presence of blood in a cat’s urine should be considered an urgent situation requiring immediate veterinary care. Bloody urine can be a sign of a serious underlying condition, and the cat may be in pain or at risk of developing a life-threatening problem.
What might the vet do to diagnose the cause of bloody urine?
To determine the reason for the hematuria, the vet may perform various diagnostic tests, such as:
– Physical examination
– Urinalysis
– Blood tests
– Abdominal ultrasound
– X-rays or advanced imaging
– Urine culture
These allow the vet to identify the underlying cause and develop an appropriate treatment plan.
How is bloody urine in cats typically treated?
Treatment depends on the underlying cause, but may include:
– Antibiotics for urinary tract infections
– Medications to dissolve or prevent bladder stones
– Fluids and pain management
– Surgery for tumors or obstructions
– Dietary changes and supplements
The sooner the cause is diagnosed and treated, the better the prognosis for the cat.
Source Links
- Why Is There Blood in My Cat’s Pee? – https://www.dailypaws.com/bloody-urine-in-cats-7491660
- Blood in Cat Urine: 7 Common Causes | Great Pet Care – https://www.greatpetcare.com/cat-health/blood-in-cat-urine-7-common-causes/
- Blood in Cat Urine – https://www.petmd.com/cat/symptom/blood-in-cat-urine
- Blood in Cat Urine: What Does it Mean? – https://www.pethealthnetwork.com/cat-health/cat-diseases-conditions-a-z/blood-cat-urine-what-does-it-mean
- Blood in Cat Urine: Causes & Other Symptoms – https://www.purina.co.uk/articles/cats/health/symptoms/blood-in-cat-urine
- Blood in Cat Urine – https://www.royalcanin.com/us/cats/health-and-wellbeing/blood-in-cat-urine
- Urinary problems in cats | Help and Advice | Cats Protection – https://www.cats.org.uk/help-and-advice/health/urinary-problems
- Blood in Your Cat’s Urine: What’s Going On? | Healthy Paws Pet Insurance – https://www.healthypawspetinsurance.com/blog/blood-in-your-cats-urine-whats-going-on
- Does Your Cat Have Blood in its Urine? 5 Reasons Why and When it is an Emergency – Properties Animal Clinic – https://propertiesanimalclinic.com/does-your-cat-have-blood-in-its-urine-5-reasons-why-and-when-it-is-an-emergency/
- Why Is My Cat Peeing Blood? 6 Common Reasons | BetterVet – https://bettervet.com/resources/pet-symptoms/why-is-my-cat-peeing-blood
- Feline lower urinary tract disease (FLUTD) – https://www.avma.org/resources-tools/pet-owners/petcare/feline-lower-urinary-tract-disease
- What Is Feline Lower Urinary Tract Disease (FLUTD)? – https://www.4pawsanimal.com/services/cats/blog/what-feline-lower-urinary-tract-disease-flutd
- What to Do If Your Cat Is Peeing Blood & How Fast to Act – https://ccanimalclinic.com/cat-is-peeing-blood/
- Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) in Cats | VCA Animal Hospitals – https://vcahospitals.com/know-your-pet/urinary-tract-infections-utis-in-cats
- Bladder and Kidney Stones – https://www.vet.cornell.edu/departments-centers-and-institutes/cornell-feline-health-center/health-information/feline-health-topics/bladder-and-kidney-stones
- Bladder Stones in Cats | VCA Animal Hospitals – https://vcahospitals.com/know-your-pet/bladder-stones-in-cats
- Urinary Obstruction in Cats: Causes & Treatment for Blood in Urine – https://www.ethosvet.com/blog-post/when-your-male-cat-has-urine-troubles/
- Urinary Tract Blockage in Cats – https://www.petmd.com/cat/conditions/urinary/urinary-tract-blockage-cats
- Urethral obstruction in cats | International Cat Care – https://icatcare.org/advice/urethral-obstruction-in-cats/
- Blood in Your Cat’s Urine | 4 Possible Causes for Blood Spots – https://ccanimalclinic.com/blood-in-cats-urine/
- Urinary Tract Disorders in Cats – Veterinary Medicine at Illinois – https://vetmed.illinois.edu/pet-health-columns/urinary-tract-disorders-cats/
- Hematuria (Blood in Urine) in Cats – https://www.petplace.com/article/cats/pet-health/hematuria-blood-in-urine-in-cats
- What to Do if There Is Blood in Your Cat’s Urine – https://www.thesprucepets.com/blood-in-your-cats-urine-4778199
- Blood In Cat Urine: Don’t Ignore These Red Flags! | Kingsdale Animal Hospital – https://www.kingsdale.com/blood-in-cat-urine-dont-ignore-these-red-flags
- Blood in Cat Urine – https://thevets.com/blog/blood-in-cat-urine/
- 4 causes of blood in cat urine and how to help – https://www.fetchpet.com/the-dig/blood-in-cat-urine
- Blood in cat urine – What you need to know and do | Cloud 9 Vets – https://cloud9vets.co.uk/blood-in-cat-urine-what-you-need-to-know-and-do/
- How to Treat Hematuria in Cats – https://www.petmd.com/cat/conditions/urinary/how-treat-hematuria-cats
- Feline Idiopathic Cystitis | VCA Animal Hospitals – https://vcahospitals.com/know-your-pet/feline-idiopathic-cystitis
- Feline Idiopathic Cystitis (FIC) | International Cat Care – https://icatcare.org/advice/feline-idiopathic-cystitis-fic/
- Feline Lower Urinary Tract Disease – https://www.vet.cornell.edu/departments-centers-and-institutes/cornell-feline-health-center/health-information/feline-health-topics/feline-lower-urinary-tract-disease
- FLUTD (Feline Lower Urinary Tract Disease) – https://www.petmd.com/cat/conditions/urinary/feline_idiopathic_lower_urinary_tract_disease
- Blood in the urine – cats – Pittwater Animal Hospital – https://pittwateranimalhospital.com.au/blood-in-the-urine-cats/
- Feline Lower Urinary Tract Disease | Sanford Veterinarian Blog – https://www.townecenteranimalhospital.com/flutd/
- Crystalluria in Cats | VCA Animal Hospitals – https://vcahospitals.com/know-your-pet/crystalluria-in-cats
- Urinary Obstruction in Male Cats – American College of Veterinary Surgeons – https://www.acvs.org/small-animal/urinary-obstruction-in-male-cats/
- Why Is My Cat Peeing Blood? Our Vet Explains Causes, Treatments & FAQ – Catster – https://www.catster.com/ask-the-vet/cat-peeing-blood/
- Feline Cystitis – North County Cat Hospital – https://www.nccat.com/cystitis
- What Can Be the Reason for Blood Coming Out of The Urine of Your Cat? – Vetina – https://vetina.com/what-can-be-the-reason-for-blood-coming-out-of-the-urine-of-your-cat/
